The Arabic Alphabet Chart
Complete Beginner's Pronunciation & Makhārij Guide • 28 Fundamental Letters of the Holy Quran
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Alif
/ā / a/
Like 'a' in apple / long 'aa'
Bā’
/b/
Like 'b' in boat
Tā’
/t/
Like 't' in table
Thā’
/th/
Like 'th' in think (soft)
Jeem
/j/
Like 'j' in jump
Ḥā’
/ḥ/
Clear breathy 'h' from throat
Khā’
/kh/
Raspy 'kh' like Scottish loch
Dāl
/d/
Like 'd' in door
Dhāl
/dh/
Like 'th' in this / feather
Rā’
/r/
Rolled / tapped 'r' as in Spanish
Zāy
/z/
Like 'z' in zebra
Seen
/s/
Sharp 's' like in sun
Sheen
/sh/
Like 'sh' in shine
Ṣād
/ṣ/
Deep, heavy 's' with rounded lips
Ḍād
/ḍ/
Heavy 'd' unique to Arabic
Ṭā’
/ṭ/
Deep, heavy, emphatic 't'
Ẓā’
/ẓ/
Heavy, emphatic 'th' sound
‘Ayn
/‘/
Deep voiced guttural throat sound
Ghayn
/gh/
Gargling 'gh' like French 'r'
Fā’
/f/
Like 'f' in fish
Qāf
/q/
Deep heavy 'k' from uvula
Kāf
/k/
Like 'k' in kite
Lām
/l/
Like 'l' in light
Meem
/m/
Like 'm' in moon
Noon
/n/
Like 'n' in noon (with nasal ghunnah)
Hā’
/h/
Soft 'h' like in house
Wāw
/w / ū/
Like 'w' in water / long 'oo'
Yā’
/y / ī/
Like 'y' in yellow / long 'ee'
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